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Opus craticum
''Opus craticum'' or ''craticii'' is an ancient Roman construction technique described by Vitruvius in his books ''De architectura'' as wattlework which is plastered over. Vitruvius disparaged this building technique as a grave fire risk, likely to have cracked plaster, and not durable.〔Vitruvius, De Architectura, Book II, Chapter 8, paragraph 20. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/2
*.html#8.20〕 Surviving examples were found in the archaeological excavations at Pompeii and more so at Herculaneum, buried by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 AD and excavated beginning in 1929. Scholarly confusion exists〔Ulrich, Roger Bradley. Roman woodworking. New Haven [CT: Yale University Press, 2007.〕〔Adam, Jean Pierre. Roman building: materials and techniques. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. 239, photo shows wall with a caption naming the wall as ''opus craticium'' with an infill of ''opus incertum''〕 and the term ''opus craticium'' is also used for the Roman building technique very similar, but not identified as being directly related to half-timbering, a timber framework with the wall infill of stones in mortar called ''opus incertum''. An example of this technique is the House of Opus Craticum in Herculaneum,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=House of the Opus Craticium )〕 which is a reconstruction of the original building.
Before the Romans, the Minoans, Etruscans, and Greeks are known to have used similar building techniques. At least since the 13th century, this type of construction, common in Europe, was called half-timbered in English, ''Fachwerk'' (framework) in German, ''entramado de madera'' in Spanish, and ''colombage'' in French.
==References==
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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